佛像网

尺寸：高119cm 宽58cm
年代：11-12
质地：黑石雕
风格：印度 帕拉
来源：伦敦V&A博物馆
参阅：外部链接
鉴赏：
第1张照片是我2020年在参观V&A博物馆时拍的.
–Artemis注

Seated crowned Buddha

This sculpture shows Buddha Shakyamuni wearing the crown and ornaments of a monarch combined with the simple monastic robes of a monk. The tall tripartite crown, necklace and earrings contrast dramatically with the unadorned transparent robe.

This representation clearly uses royal imagery to evoke spiritual authority. The Buddha is seated on a double-lotus throne beneath which rests a thunderbolt sceptre (vajra), symbol of an enlightened mind. With his right hand he points to the earth as witness of his resistance to the temptations of wordly attachment, represented here by the demonic goddess Mara.

The throne is decorated with an elaborate aureole and back plate with makara (sea monster) finials upon which are perched kinnara (half-bird celestial musicians). Beneath the lotus-throne appears the Earth Goddess Prithvi, bearing witness to the Buddha's yogic asceticism. The goddess is flanked by lion and elephant throne-supports, emblematic of the Buddha’s strength and nobility.

The two kneeling figures may be identified as a donor couple. The Buddha is attended by the bodhisattvas Avalokitesvara and Maitreya, each standing on a lotus stem. Seated on lotus-thrones above the standing figures are the bodhisattvas Vajrapani and Manjusri. They are identified by their lotus-borne emblems, the vajra and the manuscript book of scripture respectively. Above are celestial adorers, presenting and bearing garlands. A roughly incised inscription is visible on the base mouldings along with depictions of offerings and ritual utensils.

此像中的释迦牟尼佛兼具两种身份特质：头戴君主的三分宝冠，身披璎珞耳珰，却同时穿着僧人的朴素袈裟。高耸的三分冠、项饰与耳饰，与通肩披覆的素面无纹袈裟形成鲜明对比。

这种表现手法显然借用了王者形象来彰显佛陀的法王身份。佛陀结跏趺坐于双层莲座之上，座下横置金刚杵——象征觉悟的心性。右手结触地印，召请大地见证其战胜魔女所代表的世俗诱惑。

莲台背光装饰繁复，背板顶端饰有摩羯鱼尾，鱼背上立有迦陵频伽（半人半鸟的天界乐师）。莲台下方涌现地神，见证佛陀苦修功德。地神两侧分别为狮、象负托莲台，象征佛陀的威猛与尊贵。

莲台前方二跪姿人物，应为供养人夫妇。佛陀两侧胁侍观音菩萨与弥勒菩萨，各立莲茎之上。上方两侧莲花座上分别为金刚手菩萨与文殊菩萨，以莲上所持物辨识——金刚杵与梵箧。最上方为天界礼敬众，手持花鬘作供养状。台基刻线简约的题记及供器、仪轨用具图案依稀可辨。

Seated figure of the Buddha, Bengal or Bihar, 11/12th century.

Physical description

The unusual Buddha-type is represented crowned and bejewelled in the style of a royal figure. The Buddha wears a tall crown and transparent robe which clings to the body and is adorned with a necklace and earrings. The use of royal imagery to evoke spiritual authority is most manifest in this representation. He is seated on a lotus throne beneath which rests a thunderbolt sceptre (vajra), symbol of an enlightened mind, and with his right hand he points to the earth as witness of his enlightenment (bhumisparsha mudra). Beneath the vajra appears the Earth Goddess Prithvi, bearing witness to the Buddha's authority. On either side of the goddess are lion and elephant throne-supports and the kneeling figures of two female devotees. To the Buddha's left stands a Bodhisattva perhaps Maitreya, with his right hand holding a rosary pressed to his breast. The left hand holds a leafy plant. To the Buddha's right stands the Bodhisattva Padmapani holding the stem of a lotus in his left hand, the right displaying the abhaya mudra or gesture of protection. Seated on lotus thrones above the standing figures are the Bodhisattvas Vajrapani (to the Buddha's right) and Manjusri, their emblems, the thunderbolt and the book of scripture, supported by lotuses at their sides. Above these in conventional clouds fly two celestial beings bearing scarves, each with a smaller figure to the rear. Behind the Buddha is his throne, the top of which ends in makara (sea monster) heads and supports an aureole with a kinnara (bird-legged celestial musician) perched on either side.

此尊造像表现了一种特殊的佛陀类型：头戴宝冠、身饰璎珞，呈现王者庄严。佛陀戴高冠，披通肩透明袈裟，紧贴躯体，佩项饰及耳珰。这种借用王者意象彰显法王威仪的表现手法，在此像中体现得尤为鲜明。佛陀结跏趺坐于莲座之上，座下横置金刚杵——象征觉悟的心性。右手结触地印，召请大地见证其证悟。金刚杵下方涌现地神，见证佛陀的威德。地神两侧分别为狮、象负托莲台，并有二女供养人跪像。佛陀左侧胁侍菩萨（疑为弥勒），右手持数珠当胸，左手握一枝叶繁茂的植物。右侧胁侍菩萨为莲花手，左手执莲茎，右手施无畏印。上方两侧莲花座上分别为金刚手菩萨（佛陀右侧）与文殊菩萨，其标识——金刚杵与梵箧——由身侧莲茎承托。最上方祥云之中，二天界天人持帛飞舞，身后各有一小天随行。佛陀身后为宝座，顶端饰摩羯鱼首，背光两侧各立一迦陵频伽（半鸟身的天界乐师）。

Dimensions

Height: 119 cm, Width: 58 cm, Depth: 30 cm, Weight: 290 kg

来源:
Whitechapel Art Gallery: The Arts of Bengal 9.11.1979 to 30.12.1979. Purchased from W.J Hagger in 1872 for £5.